Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/-

Brain Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

  • M Ravindranath *

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh State, India

*Corresponding Author: M Ravindranath,

Citation: M Ravindranath, Brain Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging
Therapeutic Strategies, International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, ACP
Publishers, 1(1); DOI: https://www.doi.org/acp/2025/ijmsr/00002.

Copyright : © 2026 M Ravindranath, this is an open-access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source
are credited.

Received: 11 April 2026 | Accepted: 27 April 2026 | Published: 18 May 2026

Keywords: brain cancer; glioblastoma multiforme; neuro-oncology; blood-brain barrier; immunotherapy; precision medicine

Dr. Brain Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Brain cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to diagnose and treat due to its heterogeneity,

rapid progression, and the protective blood-brain barrier limiting therapeutic penetration. Despite advances in

molecular biology, neuroimaging, and targeted therapies, prognosis remains poor for many patients, especially

those with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form. This article reviews the epidemiology,

pathology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies for brain cancer.

It further highlights recent research directions including immunotherapy, nanomedicine, and precision oncology,

while addressing ongoing challenges and future prospects.

Keywords:
brain cancer; glioblastoma multiforme; neuro-oncology; blood-brain barrier; immunotherapy; precision medicine

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